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Burma reportedly blocks gmail and Google search

Burma's State Peace and Development Council is at it again. Mizzima, an online publication covering all things Burma, reported two days ago that users inside Burma are reporting blocked access to Google search and gmail. For those who follow the Burmese government's desire to control their citizens' information access, this is perhaps no surprise: the Open Net Initiative last year released a report on internet filtering in Burma that noted a significant filtering rate of sites hosting information on government opposition group, Burmese information, and email service providers. (Concerned for the nation's morality, the SPDC also blocks porn and gambling sites.) Also blocked were specific searches for filtering workarounds, like the one ONI tested on Google for "SMTP+POP3+tunnel".

Burma, of course, is not alone in filtering the internet (although the presence of a single state-run internet service provide makes it spectacularly easy, as well as filtering systems like those provided by Fortinet that the ONI reports the Burmese government started using last year.) China is regularly in the news as the Great Firewall cuts further and further into the online freedoms of Chinese internet users. Equally distrubing is the realization by smaller countries that what works for the giants could also work for them: Ethan Zuckerman recently wrote about Ethiopia's apparent blocking of a mainstream blogging service, and the subsequent yawning non-coverage in mainstream media over this watershed event. The problem, as he points out, is that it's really difficult to verify exactly what's going on in a repressive country, exactly what's being blocked, etc. Ethan gives a good description of the work ONI is doing, including the painstaking detail that needs to go into it in order to be accepted. Particularly when you have a few state-owned ISPs serving a country, blocking and unblocking sites is really quite easy; what you end up with a population that isn't going to trust gmail, yahoo, or hotmail as a reliable service. What this means is that they will tend to use local (reliable) email services, which are more easily monitored by the state.

Documenting internet filtering in repressive countries is crucial. Equally crucial is proactively educating these populations, particularly people involved in civil society who desparately need to get information in and out of repressive countries, on how internet filtering works, the risks they take in information gathering and distribution over the internet, and what simple tools and techniques are available to them to circumvent censorship. That's not a small order: most activists are passionate about their issues, not about technology. Many serious activists aren't part of the international NGO jet set: they don't speak English, and they need to receive training, tools, and handbooks in their own languages. Finally, the great majority of people who live in Burma, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, China, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and so on can't travel outside their countries to learn these things, and trainings within are clearly dangerous for all involved. How to deal with all these issues is an ongoing puzzle, although quite a few smart people have started thinking about innovative ways to address these situations. Secure NGO in a Box, which I've written about here before, is one of those efforts to put localized information and tools into the hands of those who need it. Still missing is the training piece that needs to go hand-in-hand with the set of tools (although the Secure Box team has done a good job of writing a manual for beginners that is intended to be used alone), as well as an answer to the reaction time issue. In the game of cat and mouse that repressive governments play with internet filtering, civil society is so far always in the position of playing catch-up.

Posted by Janet on June 28, 2006 08:24 AM |

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