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December 14, 2006

No passport check at Heathrow?

So, this is weird. For the second time this fall, I’ve flown internationally out of Heathrow airport without going through immigration or having anyone, other than airline employees, look at my passport. The first trip was from London to Johannesburg in the middle of September. Traveling Companion and I at that time were puzzled, but theorized that perhaps there was an agreement between the UK and South Africa limiting the need for passport checks (although on reflection, that doesn’t make a lot of sense). But today, I’m on a big American Airlines 777 flying from London to Los Angeles, and no official of the British government examined my passport before I boarded the flight. All kinds of other reviews happened: I took off my shoes, turned on my laptop and stood spread-eagled three different times to be patted down by three different security officers during my journey through the airport. But no passport check. Am I missing something here? What the heck? Given the scrutiny one receives on entering the UK, I can’t believe that they aren’t doing some sort of cross check on the way out.

One other worrying thing about this situation: I was surprised enough to mention it to two different employees of American Airlines. In response, both looked at me blankly and then shrugged and waved me on when I re-elaborated the point. Hm. I’m certainly happy not to have yet another line to stand in to get to the airplane, and I’m not necessarily sure it’s even that important to check everyone’s passport when they leave a country…but given the extent that the UK is going to create an atmosphere of both threat and consequently, safety, at the airports, shouldn’t they have someone giving passports a glance? And shouldn’t an airline care if one of its passengers reports something that seems like it might be amiss?

Update: I asked the immigration officer who checked my passport when I entered the US in Los Angeles yesterday afternoon about exit passport checks. He told me that at LAX, they also don't check international exits. In Euroland and every other country I've ever been to aside from the US and the UK, they certainly do. So what's the calculation that Homeland Security has made here?

July 08, 2006

Trust networks and squid-ink risotto

I'm about to leave for a week of vacation in Croatia's golden port city, Dubrovnik. Aside from admiring the beauty of the ancient walls and the blue, blue Adriatic, I also want to eat well -- squid ink risotto, fried calamari, clams in white wine and garlic...all of these top of the list of reasons to head down to seaside Croatia from landlocked Hungary. I've spent this morning scanning the web for restaurant recommendations in Dubrovnik, and I find myself stymied once again by the complications of sifting through online information.

Conventional wisdom tells me that I should be using my trusted online networks to find this information, and indeed, I have turned to the places I normally would for restaurant recommendations, that is, sites that I trust to give me some good reviews. I started with Saveur magazine's online archive, moved on to Chowhound, Gridskipper, and TimeOut. I checked Dubrovnik on Technorati to see if anyone had blogged about restaurants recently, and Dubrovnik/food/restaurants on Flickr to see if anyone had usefully tagged photos.

The result is not that great, an hour later, and has led me to consider (as I often do when I'm looking for travel information) what a hit or miss operation information searches and relying on trusted networks are when, in reality, you don't have a trusted network in place. Here's a quick run-down of what I found:

Saveur, my most exalted, trusted source, is not in any way a member of the read/write web. They publish a dead-tree magazine, and they put those articles online. That said, they are absolutely the best, and have never, every failed me in any of my travels from lobster pasta in Venice to mind-bendingly good tapas in Xerez, Andalusia. Unfortunately, they've never written on Dubrovnik. So cross that one off for this trip.

Chowhound, my next best source for recommendations, troubled me this time around. Chowhound is a site for people who consider themselves "foodies", and the "chowhounders" do their good work by sniffing out small, unknown restaurants. Their very useful discussion forum can sometimes yield epicurean gems. The problem with Chowhound is that it's largely a US-based site; their international discussions are not, in fact, very trustworthy. In a search for Dubrovnik, I found lots of discussion threads, but when I cross-referenced the recommendations on the discussion threads with a guidebook I have (the always-useful but not culinarily-minded Lonely Planet), I found almost 100 percent overlap. That is, the so-called chowhounds who were writing about Dubrovnik were not sniffing out new, unknown local joints, but were in fact commenting on the restaurants already in the guidebook that just about everyone who visits Crotia has in their backpack. There's certainly utility in that, but ... if the users on Chowhound are simply discussing what Lonely Planet has already recommended, I wouldn't rely on them as experts; it's not a trusted network after all. And indeed, there are no Croatians posting on Chowhound that I saw, which is really unfortunate. (The other kind of recommendation on Chowhound for Dubrovnik are the "I went to a great little restaurant down a back street near the port, but I can't remember the name" variety, which are just kind of irritating. Please, don't bother.)

On to Gridskipper, which does list Dubrovnik as one of its cities "on the grid"; however, the only restaurant recommended there is not qualified in any way -- the writer just says it's "one of the city's best". Well, maybe, but when I search online I don't find other information on it or recommendations for it. So that really wasn't so helpful, and I realize that when push comes to shove (am I going to get into a cab and cross the city to go to a specific restaurant) I don't really trust Gridskipper on restaurant issues -- or at least not on this one. Since there's no context for the recommendation, and I don't know who the writer is, I'm skeptical.

TimeOut is semi-useful, but they want us to buy the dead-tree copy so the information is light. I do trust TimeOut, but again -- not really the read/write web. I'm just going by their single writer's recommendations.

The noise on Technorati around Dubrovnik is too difficult to sift through -- lots of link factories or advertising come back, so I give up. Flickr yields, as usual, a wonderland of beautiful pictures of Croatian seafood when I do my search, but there's no associated information with any of the pictures (i.e., where did you eat that gorgeous shrimp?)

The moral of this story is that I've ended up a bit stymied. No online source that I really trust has led me to good restaurant options in Dubrovnik. I'm now planning to call up a friend who's a tour guide and was in Croatia with a group a few weeks back for her insights, and then go out and buy a copy of another friend's book on Croatia, Annabel Barber's Visible Cities Dubrovnik.

I think the reason I find this long tale interesting is because of, well, the theory of the internet's long tail that Wired's Chris Anderson and others have written extensively about over the past two years. The theory, which I largely agree with, is that web 2.0 allows for incredibly rich information geared to very niche markets or demographics (foodies traveling to Dubrovnik, i.e.); related thinking revolves around the idea that trusted communities will form around these niches, and that the read/write web allows everyone to join those communities as both a consumer and producer of information. That's great, again, I largely agree with that.

The problem I see is that some niches which are transitory, and some niches aren't. I am going to care for a long time about data security and human rights organizations, and it's worth it for me to build a community of trust around that issue. I only care this week about good restaurants in Dubrovnik, and it really not worth it for me to build or join a community of trust around that. Nevertheless, I want to be able to dip into online communities who do care about that issue when I need to know more about it -- and yet, I'm not really in a position to evaluate who is a trusted source in a specific network. How do I know that so-and-so poster on Chowhound is reliable? Why should I trust the person who recommended to Gridskipper that X restaurant in Dubrovnik is excellent? So, one of the downsides I see with the beauty of niche information is the inability of an individual to be involved in as many as they want to, or need to, be. I think that what comes out of this is more and more recommendation systems a la Slashdot or Digg that are geared in a very niche way. However, a lot of sites will need to be rebuilt to put those kinds of tools in place....so I still see a long haul ahead of us for making the read/write web truly useful. These kinds of experiences are a good reminder to me that, no matter how fast it seems like we're moving on communications technologies, we're still taking baby steps. And that's why I'm heading out now to buy Annabel's book to take with me this afternoon to Dubrovnik.

PS: If any of my five readers have a suggestion for where to eat in Dubrovnik, leave a comment!

April 17, 2006

We're not good tapas people: Andalusia, Part II

Setting aside all the deeply, deeply serious clash-of-civilizations rumblings in my other post on last week's trip to fabulous Andalusia, Favorite Husband and I also had a truly excellent time. The week included two of my absolute favorite things: food that I don't usually eat and public celebrations that I don't really understand.

On the food side of things, Andalusia is the land of tapas. Although I haven't lived in the United States for many years, I get the impression that tapas bars were cool once, but have now gone the way of the Squirrel Nut Zippers (or have been replaced by the more urbane-sounding "small plate restaurant".) Anyway, woe is to you if you're not sitting in a tapas bar in Jerez right now, eating a plate of oily artichoke hearts, or a chickpea-and-chorizo-and-cabbage stew or a still-sizzling platter of calamari frito. Southern Spanish tapas is unrepentantly meaty, deep fried, fat-laden, salty, glorious. And it's cheap. And it's almost always accompanied by plates of gorgeous local olives (the endless varities of which baffle and delight an olive-lover like myself -- personally, I always tried to find places that served "gordo", the fat green olive approximately the size of large duck egg) and elegant small glasses of icy beer or the Manzanilla sherry of the region. It is joyful eating, where the plates keep coming, and everyone around you looks excited at the prospect of what might emerge from the kitchen, and the tab is chalked by the bartender on the bar in front of you (which he also uses as a tablet for his ponderous addition when you ask for the check.) Needless to say, I spent the week in a state of distracted delirium.

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Tapas in Grenada

There was only one problem with the whole tapas deal for FH and me: we're just not good tapas people. When we ordered, we waited impatiently for the plate's arrival, then ate whatever was on it, then started looking up for the next plate to arrive. Around us, professional Spanish tapas eaters stretched small plates of cheese and jamon and olives out over hours of leisurely conversation. FH and I tried, we really did. We talked about our flawed approach to tapas; we attempted different techniques (general distraction, word games, bountiful drinking) to stretch it out. As it turned out, it was impossible for us to overcome our cultural training of prompt and dutiful plate-cleaning at every meal. Over and over again, we failed, looking up from our clamshells, our cheese rinds, our sausage casings guiltily as the waiter tsk-tsked and swept the empty plate away. Not that this put us off the tapas, mind you. Just a note to others who grew up in families with a clearly delineated dinner time that this form of consumption takes (not unpleasant) practice.

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Semana Santa float in Triana, Seville

On the public celebration side of things, we managed to overlap with the first days of Semana Santa, Catholic Spain's Holy Week. Seville was in a daily uproar during our four days there, with public works crews setting up road barriers and bleacher seating for thousands. When we visited Seville's famous cathedral, we shared the space with a good-sized truck that was moving giant candelbras around and making lots of irritating echoey truck noises under the tremendous ceiling. It all seemed remote and semi-invasive until Friday night when we ran into one of the first Semana Santa processions in Triana, a neighborhood across the river from the main tourist area in Seville. And then it suddenly became clear why all the bustle, and why tourists come from around the world to see the Spanish Holy Week in person.

What happens is this: every church has a procession, and since there are so many churches, they have to double up, or more. So there are multiple processions every night, and it seems that they all follow different routes, meaning that you can wander the streets after dark and cut across the paths of competing parades. Also, there seem to be some Keystone Cops moments of processions running into each other, with lots of priestly glaring and dueling of incense, followed by miffed resolution, but that may have been part of plan; hard to tell not speaking Spanish. The processions themselves include some combination of elements: gigantic candles carried by kids in suits, priests in full gear, sticks of incense taller than me. The one constant, though, in each procession is the big float. The float seemed to be either Mary, Queen of Heaven or Jesus, at some familiar point in the Easter story (crucifixion, resurrection, Son of God, etc). They are so over the top, so glittery, so be-candled, so shiny and big and heavy that you cannot believe it's been pulled together by a little parish church. Earlier in the week, I observed to Favorite Husband that the Spanish, in terms of fashion, were obviously not afraid of sequins; as it turned out, this translates to Semana Santa floats as well. It was all sparkle; this event is not about understatement. The floats, despite their obvious weight, are also entirely man-powered; rows of men covered with the velvet skirts heave the float through the city streets on their shoulders, moving at a stately pace. Corners present problems, and so each float is surrounded by a second phalanx of dark-suited older men who look like Secret Service, but are instead the guides to the blind float-bearers.

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It's not what you think: Semana Santa procession in Jerez

We spent our last night in Jerez, a dusty sherry-making town between Seville and Cadiz. Jerez sees day-tripping tour bus visitors who come in to tour the giant sherry factories and then quickly skip town, which is described in both the guidebooks I had as a pointless and ugly overnight stop. Happily for us, Saveur Magazine, one of my food-related spiritual guides, advised that Jerez had one of the best tapas bars around (the Bar Juanito in the Pescadoria Viejo, and they were right), so I decided that we'd buck the trend and stay on for the night.

On arrival, it became clear that foolish decisions had been made. All the sherry-makers were closed for Semana Santa, Jerez did indeed seem like an abandoned cow-town after the excitement and bustle of Seville, and the police appeared to be capriciously towing all the cars parked near our hotel. FH and I safely stowed our car in a garage, checked in to our surprisingly charming hotel (the Belles Artes: don't stay anywhere else in Jerez if you want to wake up to the cathedral's dome), and agreed to take a quick walk through the presumably decrepit downtown before admitting defeat and spending the rest of the day napping.

Duh. Jerez's jewel-box downtown is gorgeous, and it being Sunday, Holy Week processions were about to begin in earnest. As we walked through the late afternoon sunshine, we were joined by a flood of families walking towards the center to establish their places for the coming processions, by several different marching bands polishing their instruments, people rushing by with eight foot high incense sticks, a truck laden with life-size crucifixes (!), etc. Perhaps most, er, surprising for FH and me was the attire worn by the Semana Santa crowd; in Jerez, most of the processants were dressed in some variety of a loose flowing robe, topped with a very tall pointy head covering with eyeholes cut in it. Some of them were white, some dark blue, and a number were black. In other words, as non-Spanish-Catholics, FH and I had to keep reminding ourselves over the next few hours that we were taking part in a celebration of Jesus Christ's resurrection, not a Klan rally.

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Pietà float in Jerez

Four chruches staged processions that night in Jerez; each procession wound its way through the narrow stone streets and ended up at the main cathedral, where the float was dropped off. All the floats were in by midnight, but the street party continued long into the night; tapas bars stayed open, street stands sold sausages and beer and fried everything, and quite obviously, no one was planning to go to work the next day.

April 14, 2006

Europe from the edges

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Favorite Husband and I spent the last week swanning around Andalusia, admiring the remains of Moorish Spain's clash of civilizations. It's a trip well worth taking, particularly if you're interested in the historical long view. As it happened, I was in Istanbul (not Constantinople) for work the week before the trip to Spain. The odd juxtaposition of visits to the Hagia Sophia and Seville's Alcazar or Grenada's Alhambra within a few days of each other is something that, I'm guessing, not many people have been lucky enough to do. Given the luxury, as I was, it's fascinating to consider these monuments side-by-side, in the context of both historical and modern Europe.

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At one end of Europe is Justinian's tremendous Eastern Orthodox cathedral-cum-mosque, where tourists can still visit bits of the glorious mosaics of Chistendom. At the other end of the continent is Sophia's inverse: Spain's spectacular Islamic fortresses, where Christian kings vanquished Muslim tribes and then continued to reign, leaving the intricate Moorish design intact and adding the odd crucifix or Baroque ballroom just to remind everyone who was boss -- exactly as the Muslim conquerers did in the Hagia Sofia, on the other side of Europe. I've wondered on previous visits to Istanbul why this was: seems like it would be worth the trouble to take down the largest Christian church in the world, if you were the Muslim conquerer of a Christian city. But in fact, it seems that the Christian kings on the other side of the continent made the same calculation -- just make a few modifications, and move right in. Both sets of conquerers also celebrated their victory (eventually) by erecting tremendous monuments within site of the vanquished foes' structures: the Blue Mosque stands directly across from the Hagia Sophia, and Seville's massive cathedral next to the Alcazar, while you could throw a rock from the walls of the Alhambra and hit Grenada's central church.

The Hagia Sophia, the Alhambra, and the Alcazar are museums now, but I found it impossible to see any of them as the neutral space that museums usually are. A visitor cannot help but imagine the bitterness, rage, and thirst for vengence that each civilization must have experienced on being forced to abandon the physical spaces which embodied their beliefs, art, and culture. On visiting the Alhambra, we were told that the city's last Arabic defender, Baobil, wept as he fled the beloved palace while his mother offered him this advice: "Do not weep like a woman for what you could not defend as a man." Ouch. But indeed, the sense of victor and vanquished is still palpable at all three sites; perhaps more interesting, though, is the sense of history's ebb and flow. The battles that are being fought today, both ideologically and with terrible violence, are of course nothing new -- and we all know that. However, to be reminded so clearly, so physically, of Europe's endless expansions and contractions over the centuries is more than worth a trip to any of Europe's hazy borders.

March 29, 2006

Turkish Eclipse

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I've been in Istanbul for the past week (again!), this time at an OSI information program coordinator's meeting. My colleagues from Soros foundations across the former Soviet Union and Africa joined the international staff for several days of discussions. And as the meeting wound down at two this afternoon, a total eclipse of the sun crossed Turkey. Istanbul was not in the one hundred percent path of the eclipse. What we got, at about 87% eclipsed, were a good fifteen minutes of the sort of watery, pale sunlight I associate with swimming along the bottom of the pool holding my breath, or dawn in the middle of Nebraska.

I and a number of my colleagues stood on the roof terrace of the Hotel Armada in Sultanahmet to watch the eclipse. Not a bad spot: looking in one direction we could see the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia; in the other direction, the Bosphorus. We were joined on the roof by a crowd of Turkish hotel guests and staff, some of whom got very excited that the shadow cast by the sun during the height of the eclipse looked remarkably like the image on the Turkish flag (right). More enthusiastic observers starting pulling out pens and pencils to add a drawn star next to the sun's shadow, which was being projected onto a piece of paper in the center of the crowd. Soon enough, several stars had been added to the paper, and by reflecting the sun's shadow just right, the image stopped being just an eclipse, and also became a naturally appearing Turkish flag. It's not just beauty that's in the eye of the beholder, after all.

February 21, 2006

San Francisco wrap-up: archives, Iran, mobile phones

While my adopted home town of Budapest lies buried in snow, I'm spending the next week at the original homestead in Seal Beach, California -- deep in the heart of what I am told is now referred to nationwide as "the O.C." ("Orange County", for those not in the know: it's a TV show).

This week is following on the heels of a week spent in San Francisco with the Information Program sub-board and staff, during which we criss-crossed the Bay Area several times to attend a series of meetings with companies, foundations, and organizations. Ethan Zuckerman has written long accounts of two of them, one a meeting with Brewster Kahle and Rick Prelinger of the Internet Archive, and the other a dinner we were lucky enough to have with dissident Iranian journalist and blogger Omid Memarian.

I also had a chance to sit down with Ben Rigby of MobileVoter, a San Francisco-based organization whos tagline says it all: "Voter Registration and Mobilisation via Text Messaging!" MobileVoter is doing some very innovative projects with mobile phones in the United States; one of the things they've looked at which I think is most intereseting is the use of the mobile phone in a social context, i.e., where users are in physical proximity to each other -- for instance, at rock concerts. They see the mobile phone as a way to capture the excitement and buzz of a live event -- at the moment its occurring, rather than counting on users to remember later on to log onto a website.

Ben is one of the leaders of the MobileActive movement, a group jumpstarted by an international meeting of activists and developers interested in the use of mobile phones held last September in Toronto. The meeting was organized by Green Media Toolshed and Aspiration Tech. Currently, the group maintains an active blog, trades project ideas, and forms partnerships around those projects.

I'll be writing more about mobile phones in the coming months, as this is a crucially important area for the developing and transitional countries that OSI works in. In the US, mobile phones are ubiquitous and highly personalized -- hence offering a different and more direct path to users than internet for advocates trying to get their messages across -- mobile phones in the developing world are useful for a different reason: often, they offer the only communications path in or out of a community. Further, with the help of tools like DialoguePalette, a soon-to-be released do-it-yourself Asterisk tool, voice navigation of information sources will be relatively simple; in regions where literacy is low, the ability to connect people with information via voice has become increasingly important, and increasingly viable.

February 07, 2006

Landing at Ataturk Airport, Istanbul

hajjairport.jpgI've just arrived in Istanbul for a meeting organized by OSI's Public Health Program on different approaches to monitoring in public health advocacy work. My flight, like everyone else's, was late because of a heavy snowfall; the lady who collected us at the airport told us that it snows perhaps three times a year in Istanbul. Stranger even than touching down in piles of snow at the warm edge of Europe was the scene that greeted us at the airport. I thought at first that a pop star or populist politician must be on my flight -- the view from the immigration desks out past baggage claim to the waiting area revealed what looked like hundreds of people waiting eagerly for someone to appear.

Continue reading "Landing at Ataturk Airport, Istanbul" »

January 21, 2006

How To Ensure You Never Leave Your House Again

Because OSI program staff (which I am) tend to travel often, and sometimes to less-than-stable parts of the world, our employer goes to a lot of trouble to make sure we don't run into trouble. We get alerts about state-department travel warnings, and internal messages from executive management telling us where we should or shouldn't go. Which is all very helpful, because showing up in a country during a plague or revolution always makes one feel rather stupid, and worries the parents to boot.

Additionally, OSI provides its staff with an external service, the SOS International Card. SOS International takes care of tasks for its clients like crisis management, health care intervention, repatriation of remains (!!), and other somewhat scary things. One of the apparently useful services that comes with membership is the "International SOS Medical Alerts", which members can sign up for in email format. I signed up, and immediately started receiving the Daily Anxiety:

"Zimbabwe: Cholera kills 11 in three southeastern districts"

"China: Toxic spill threatens water supply in Guangdong province"

"Kenya: Measles outbreak affects Nairobi, other areas"

"Indonesia: Surge in Malaria cases in East Lombok"

"Sudan: Yellow fever in South Kordofan state"

"Turkey: Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Situation Update: Main Points"

"Zambia: Cholera outbreak grows worse in Lusaka"

Good grief. What I haven't been able to detemine is how the SOS service decides to send out an alert. There seems to be no rhyme or reason. Surely there is more than one health crisis around the world per day that involves epidemic, poor water, or the developing world? Measles in Nairobi doesn't preclude toxic spills in China, as far as I know.

Perhaps the answer lies in the point of production: the email arrives from something called the "SOS Alarm Center". Does SOS International simply pick a random, daily health tragedy from a list of many in order to keep their clients mildly alarmed, slightly anxious, sweatily checking their supplies of generic antibiotics, iodine, and malaria tablets? This isn't to complain about the services that SOS International provides, which I'm sure are very good and useful (although I, thankfully, have never had to make use of them myself, and hope not to). But it's useful to remember: alarmed clients are good clients, at least to a crisis management service.

January 17, 2006

Infrastructure, Part II: Getting Things Done in Africa

Just back from Uganda, I'm pondering a common complaint of Westerners visiting the continent: "It takes so long to get anything done in Africa." It's not revolutionary to point to Africa's infrastructure, but having just lost a day of work to infrastructure issues, it's interesting to illustrate the small but thwarting fall-out of poor roads, irregular power and limited connectivity.

I've had the past week mostly off from my trusty IBM x40 because bandwidth at Africa Source II was very, very scarce. The inimitable Tomas Krag of wire.less.dk led a team which expertly managed our 3 GB VSAT download cap and our ad-hoc wireless infrastructure, but with 140 people on that system for a week, resources were inevitably stretched; priority was given to teaching needs necessary for the success of the workshops at the camp. Still, as I planned my departure from Kalangala on Sunday night, I noted that my laptop's battery was nearly empty. Back in my room, I plugged my computer into the single wall socket as I packed, and then noticed that in fact, it wasn't charging. A flip of the light switch revealed that the electricity was off again, and the proprietor of my little hotel was nowhere to be found. I thought of leaving the laptop plugged in overnight, in the hopes that the power would come back on, but because the wall socket had obviously been roughed up over its lifetime (probably a case of multiple re-use in multiple buildings), my plug didn't fit firmly into the socket...and so I would have had to keep a toe on the plug overnight to make sure it stayed in contact with the current. But as the electricity hadn't come back on previous nights, the nocturnal gymnastics seemed optimistic at best. (Note to travelers: you'll never regret having a small roll of duct tape on hand.)

So I gave up: I would travel back from Uganda without my laptop charged. This may sound unproblematic, but as someone who spends a good amount of time on planes and in airports, I look forward to the uninterrupted time travel opens for reading emails and writing more thoughtfully than a day at the office might allow. So it was inconvenient -- email responses would be later, fewer of the backlog of Africa Source II blog posts would be written, etc.

Instead, I turned my attention to the pile of printed reading I had hauled to Uganda in my backpack. Hoping that I'd have a chance to charge my laptop at the airport in Kampala or Nairobi, I thought I could use the seven-hour trip we took from the island to the airport for getting through this pile of reading. Of course, I wasn't thinking about the road. And indeed, when driving down a road like the one between Kalangala and Kampala, one can't do much beyond gazing out the window: it's far too bouncy to read, too loud to talk to your companions in any meaningful way, and in some ways, too bombastic an experience to even think very clearly. Further, you emerge from a drive like that tired and dusty (if somewhat exhilarated), certainly not in the most propitious mood to read case studies of ICT use in civil society groups.

Once in Kampala, we arrived at the offices of WOUGNET, our local host. They had also had their power cut. Dorothy Okello, WOUGNET's executive director, told us with a familiar mix of good humor and frustration that she had been trying since Friday both to sort out the mix-up with their power bill and to think of things for her office staff to do without their computers. Dorothy herself was working off a dial-up line on her laptop, which she had been charging at home every night. Of course, laptops are a rarity in African offices, and the rest of her staff were working on refurbished desktop PCs. Part of WOUGNET's ramping-up plan, she said as an aside, was setting aside funds to buy a generator so that future power cuts wouldn't cause their work to grind to a halt.

Obviously, many other factors figure into the difficulty of working in Africa –petty corruption and health problems are two other big issues that ordinary people face regularly. But infrastructure problems continue to thwart many on the most prosaic, day-to-day level. Hats off to those, like WOUGNET, who plan for the inevitable and keep on going.

O Captain! My Captain! Driving Uganda with Ronnie

Last Saturday morning, Stephanie Hankey and I were woken at 3:45 by Ronnie, our guide who had materialized from thin air, knocking gently on our doors at the Hotel Niagra. He advised us that he'd be down at the car waiting, and when we staggered out of the Niagra's perpetual din of CNN and florescent lighting, he loaded our bags, let us into the back seat of the three-row minivan, and set off for the ferry dock. The ferry would take us across Lake Victoria to Ssese Island where Africa Source II, at Kalangala, awaited us.

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The first part of the ride was fairly smooth; we bounced over mostly-paved roads leading out of Kampala and crossed the equator as I dozed and Stephanie chatted with Ronnie in the front. After several hours, we stopped to stretch our legs, and Ronnie advised me to move up to the second row; it's better company, he observed, and besides, I wouldn't be sleeping much over the next stretch of road.

Indeed, Ronnie (in all things) knew what he was talking about. We turned off the main bouncy road onto the ferry road. This, I assumed, was a relatively short track that would take us to the ferry dock. As it turned out, it was a relatively long track that took us to the ferry dock, and was exponentially bouncier than the first road. Stephanie and I strapped ourselves in and held on as Ronnie expertly navigated the rutted dirt road, avoiding holes of axle-breaking depth by using the whole width of track freed from the forests on either side. Watching Ronnie take on this road was incredible. He threw his whole frame into wrenching the minivan across boulders and out of potholes that threatened to tip us; he managed to carry on a charming conversation while driving expertly on the balancing point of a ditch's lip. And, thanks to his speed and care, we arrived at the ferry an hour early – no minor point for travelers aiming to catch the first of the day's three 10-car ferries, where first-come first-serve is not always the rule: cars behind us paid the captain for a prime spot up front. This turned out to be a wise move on their part, as the final vehicle on the ferry – a group transport with several dozen people clinging to the top and sides – was balanced precariously on the tipped-up loading ramp of the ferry barge as we pulled away from the dock. Obviously, litigation is not an issue the government of Uganda spends a lot of time worrying about.

The hour-long ferry ride provided Ronnie (and us) with napping time. Ronnie tipped his hat over his eyes, wished us a good rest, and promptly fell asleep for the duration of the trip. Once the ferry docked, we were off again, this time over an even rougher road and moving, it seemed, faster; Ronnie saw the gathering storm on the horizon, and wanted to get us over the rural track to Kalangala before the full force of the deluge hit. We spent much of the next hour airborne, a necessity given the depth of the holes in the road.

By the time we arrived at the camp, I was starting to fully appreciate why a professional driver is required to cross much of Africa – and why driving in Africa is not at all "unskilled labor".. Literally, had I been driving the road between the ferry dock and Kalangala, it would have taken at least four times as long – had we arrived at all. Ronnie managed to guide the diesel minivan with speed, precision, and relative safety over nearly impossible terrain, and arrived smiling (but tired).

Transport in Africa is a crippling problem; despite the enormous amounts of development aid poured into the continent since the 1960's, the continent's infrastructure is still nearly non-existent in many places. Major cities I've seen in Africa (Accra, Kampala, Windhoek, Jo-burg, and Capetown) tend to have mostly paved main roads at least in their commercial centers: the road between Entebbe airport, where we landed, and the outskirts of Kampala, where we slept, was quite decent. But as soon as we left this artery, things went rapidly downhill. Similarly, Ghana's capital Accra has decent roads (albeit bordered by open sewers) around the commercial center and heading out to the airport, but turn to rutted dirt and mud the moment one turns off into more residential areas.

Given this, it's easy to see why people like Ronnie (who is actually a tour guide and environmental expert, not a driver by trade) are so important, and so in demand: his combination of calm, derring-do, good cheer, and lightening-fast decision-making are perfect for getting a van full of clueless people from A to B. The tragedy, of course, is that were Uganda's road's better, Ronnie might be better rewarded by putting those skills to use in building his businesses in tourism and environmental work, instead of shuttling people like me around the country because we can't do it ourselves.

PS: The title refers to "O Captain! My Captain!", a poem by Walt Whitman. It opens:

O Captain my Captain! our fearful trip is done,
The ship has weathered every rack, the prize we sought is won,
The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,
While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring...

The poem goes on to describe the death of a ship's captain at the end of a long and terrible journal, which fortunately is not part of my Ugandan narrative.

January 12, 2006

A Ugandan Riddle

Q: Could we stop along the road to the ferry so I can buy a hat?

A: It depends on what time we cross the equator.

Needless to say, I wasn't able to process that correctly at 4 in the morning after two hours of sleep at the Hotel Niagra, Kampala, Uganda.

(I didn't buy a hat, as it turned out, but I did learn that, according to our guide, the toilets really do flush in opposite directions on either sides of the equator, even when the distance is only a few meters from the big north/south divide. This legend from middle school science class days always troubled me slightly, along the lines of: aren't people on the other side of the earth from where I am standing upside down? Etc.)

January 08, 2006

Africa Source 2: The Road to Kalangala

Tomorrow morning I'm heading off to Uganda to attend Africa Source 2, the fourth in a series of week-long technology workshops for NGOs masterminded by the Tactical Technology Collective. If AS2 is anything like its predecessors (India 2005, Namibia 2004, Croatia 2003), I'm expecting the next week will be a mix of sixth grade Scout Camp, a super-condensed semester at a tech university where the teachers are the leaders in their respective fields (and are relentlessly charming to boot), and a cocktail party with 120 very engaging guests, mostly from across Africa. I'm not at all sorry to be piling my malaria pills, international yellow fever innoculatoin certification, raincoat, sandals, sundresses, and bug repellent into a duffel tonight. Bet you wish you were going.

Aside from meeting a whole lot of interesting people and playing around with some new open source tools in the coming week, I'm also looking forward to learning more about Uganda. Looking at a map of the country, it strikes me how many challenging neighbors Uganda has: a landlocked country, Uganda is surrounded by Sudan, DRC, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Kenya. I currently live in a landlocked country surrounded by historically challenging neighbors: Hungary is bordered by Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia, Austria, Slovenia and Serbia. A country landlocked by many neighbors is inevitably a difficult place to be; you're forever looking over your shoulder at the strife brewing on the other side of the border checkpoint. Or, in Uganda's case, in the northern regions of the country as well, where the government's struggle against the Lord's Resistance Army drags on as one of Africa's longest-running conflicts. Other things I know about Uganda are few: the country voted in July last year for a multi-party system, and a presidential election is scheduled for Februrary 23rd. The incumbent president, Yoweri Museveni of the National Resistance Movement, seems to be leading in the polls; he is trailed by the Forum for Democratic Change leader, Kizza Besigye. Not so surprising that Besigye is behind; he's spent most of the last two months in a maximum-security prison on charges of rape and treason. Not surprisingly, his supporters call the charges politically motivated.

These are the kinds of things I know about Uganda from the news. However, two recent reads have cautioned me to, well, write about something else, something below the usual radar of tragedy, war, and corruption. The first, which I came across yesterday via the Velveteen Rabbi, is an intended-to-be-short-lived blog by Teju Cole, a Nigerian American currently visiting family and friends in Africa. The blog itself is beautiful and spare in design, image, and prose. Teju wrote this a few days back:

The most important thing to know about Africa is that it is normal. But no one who depends on American media for information can come away with this impression.

The most powerful lies can be those of omission, and this is the kind of lie the West tells against Africa every day. Africa is all game reserves and refugee camps. When last was a glittering African financial center- of which there are many- broadcast on American television? When was the last time you saw images of a middle-class African family at a shopping mall in their country, or of young people in a university, or in a restaurant, or on a normal city street?

And a few days before that, I came across (via Ethan Zuckerman) a piece in Granta by Binyavanga Wainaina called "How to Write About Africa". The article begins:

Never have a picture of a well-adjusted African on the cover of your book, or in it, unless that African has won the Nobel Prize. An AK-47, prominent ribs, naked breasts: use these.

Read it, it's funny. And cringe-making, if you've ever written a word about a place that you feel is more exotic that your usual locale.

I'm going to try and do some writing from Uganda, depending on connectivity and time. I'll be writing mostly about the technology workshop I'm at and the people I meet there, which I think is both fascinating and admirably normal -- but I'll be keeping the admonishments of Cole and Wainaina in mind as I do.